This thesis has been carried out with the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, who are in the process of developing a GIS-based andNo.8220Land and Water Information System for SomaliaandNo.8221. It is hoped that this thesis will provide some contribution to their work.br Water resources in Somalia must be understood in the most detail, and in the most practical manner, by the Somalis themselves. However, there has been only limited formal characterisation of those water resources, and as a result, this thesis is designed in part to provide a comprehensive overview of the surface water resources of Somalia, particularly the south of the country. This includes analysis of the basic characteristics of both rainfall and stream flowbr The focus of the thesis is on drought, which is an inescapable problem in a climate such as that of Somalia. Various aspects of drought must be considered, and further objectives could thus be outlined as follows:br andNo.8226To consider the problem of drought definition, and put this in the context of water availability in Southern Somaliabr andNo.8226To investigate the techniques available for drought analysis and apply these to Somaliabr andNo.8226To understand the influences on climatological and hydrological variability in Somalia, and thus the factors contributing to droughtbr Characteristics of rainfall and runoff will be considered independently. Similar techniques will be used for both, although some differences exist since rainfall is an intermittent process while the rivers in question are permanent. Analyses of the two water sources will then be compared in order to provide a more complete description.br
Agricultural Support Project (ASP) is designed to address directly the need to improve family capacities to access irrigation water through a cost s h m g arrangement where communities contribute 20% of the cost of a pump. Extension workers from the villages are m e d on land (loaned freely to the community) in the cultivation and husbandry practices learned in phase 1. They gain access to improved seed varieties (grain, vegetables and fruit seedlings) so that they can replicate them on their own farms, The project has also introduced an agricultural training curriculum to local schools
(Extracts from executive summary)This paper is a synthesis of relevant projects in the area of flood early warning and control. It identities opportunities for carrying the work forward in Somalia. Recognising the operational constraints of managing flood on two major rivers in a national context of complex emergency, the paper presents recommendations to bring the monitoring and response of flood on the Juba and Shabelle rivers into line with andldquobest international practiseandrdquoin flood event.
An estimated 500 million small farmers men and women produce most of the developing worlds food, yet their families suffer more hunger than even the urban poor, have higher rates of poverty and enjoy less access to basic social services. Meeting international commitments halve hunger and poverty in the developing world by 2015 means reaching these farm households. However, traditional approaches have not worked. In order to provide the conditions that will permit poor farm households to improve their own lives, governments, non-governmental organizations and international agencies must understand more clearly the agroecological, physical, economic and cultural environment within which farmers and their families live their farming systems. Only in this way can realistic policies, investments and technical assistance programmes be developed and implemented, and the latent capacity of the farming population fully released. Through an examination of a wide variety of farming systems across the developing world, this book shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify key local, regional and international priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty. It examines the various strategies open to poor farm families seeking better lives, and shows how such strategies differ in relative importance from one farming system to another. Finally, the book discusses how an effective response to these priorities and strategies will require a rethinking of the roles of key stakeholders in the development process farmers themselves, their communities, civil society, governments and the international community.
This manual is aimed at the developing world and addressed to those engineers with only specific experience. All the technical methods proposed are described within the context that they will be used in areas where access, available skills and material resources may be limited.
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