(TCP PROJECT EXAMPLE)

62,196

I. Background and Justification

Agriculture is the dominant sector of the Country X economy, contributing 35% of the national GDP and providing a source of livelihood, in form of food and employment, to 85% of the population. The sector also contributes 90% of the nation’s total export earnings.

Although the crops sub-sector is well-developedwell developed, the livestock sub-sector has lagged behind largely because, historically, Country X inhabitants have mainly relied on fish rather than animal meat for their protein requirements. Per capita consumption of animal protein is estimated at 6.3 kg per annum compared with 12.5 kg average for the African continent. There is however an increasing demand for animal meat and milk because of the rapid increase in the human population and the general decline in fish production from thefrom the lakes. Eggs and poultry meat are also in demand with substantial imports coming in from neighbouring countries. Malawi’s AgriculturalCountry X’s Agricultural and Livestock Development Strategy and Action Plan emphasizes the need for the sustainable development of the sub-sector so as to meet the rising demand for animal products, improve human nutritional levels and increase the sub-sector’s contribution to GDP, currently estimated at 7% only. Latest census figures put the livestock population at 807,000 cattle, 847,000 goats, 102,000 sheep and 12 million chickens. There is considerable potential to increase the productivity of the livestock sub-sector, especially from poultry and small ruminants, which is currently hampered primarily by poor nutrition, disease and inadequate marketing. Indigenous breeds are well adapted to the local environment and survive and produce well under low input production systems. Improved breeds are also available within the country andthat can be exploited once the production environment (management, feeding and health) has improved and the markets are in place to make such investments financially viable. In addition, the development of small-scale poultry and small ruminant production offers substantial benefits for improving household food security in rural areas through income generation, risk aversion and the provision of a quality food product, especially for children.

Fish provides over 60% of the dietary animal protein intake by Country X and 40% of total protein supply. Most of the fish is consumed in the rural areas, thus critically contributing to the protein requirements of the poor households. The country is bordered by Lake .., the ... largest inland lake in Africa and has several other small lakes and big rivers. Therefore, the fishing tradition dates back for many centuries. However, over the years, there, there has been over-fishing of the lakes and rivers, particularly in the near-shore and shallow areas which are easily accessible to most fishermen. Over time, tThe fish size and quantity of the catch have therefore significantly decreased. Further pressure on the fish resource has been exerted by the increasing numbers of the human population. There is therefore an urgent need to supplement capture fisheries with other sources of fish. Aquaculture in Country X dates back to the 1920s. There are approximately 3000 small scalesmall-scale fish farmers in the country, most practising low-input low-output technologies. Major constraints include an inefficient extension system, lack of credit facilities, poor availability of pond inputs, lack of fingerlings and high cost of distributing them, and poaching and predation of stock. Total fish production by aquaculture currently averages slightly over 200 tons per annum or less than 1% of the total output from capture fisheries. However, there is a big potential to increase it and sufficient a demand at household level and in the local markets.and export market to absorb any incremental production. This would improve household nutritional levels as well as increase rural incomes. It will also introduce new fish species on the market.

The SPFS promotes an integrated farming approach whereby by-products from one farming activity are used as inputs for another. In the context of the SPFS in Country X, livestock and aquaculturefishery activities will be integrated into the irrigated crop farming system. In the case of fisheries, the SPFS approach will fit in well with a planned IFAD/ALCOM Integrated Irrigation and Aquaculture Project, targeting smallholder farmers. The benefits of the integrated approach are many and varied. For example, the integration between crops and livestock would result in the latter’s waste being used as organic manure in the crop fields while crop residues could be useds as suplementarysupplementary feed for livestock. The integration between livestock and auquaculture would result in livestock manure being used for fish pond fertilization; after draining the pond, it could be used for growing a forage crop foras supplemental animal feed; aquatic plants could be grown for animal feeding; and pond tanks could be used for agro-forestry. The integration of poultry and aquaculture would result in chicken manure being used as organic fertilserfertilizer forthe fish the fish ponds; and poultry houses could be built over ponds thus economizing on space, reducing management costs. aAnd facilitating chicken waste disposal.

The SPFS in Country X

Following the World Food Summit which took place in Rome in November 1996, Country X, as a low-income food deficit country (LIFDC), approached FAO in early 1997 requesting for assistance in formulating and implementing a Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS). The Government of Country X (GOX) subsequently set up a National Formulation Team (NFT) to prepare the basic documents for the SPFS including the National Programme Document (NPD), the Plan of Operations (PO) and the Water Control Component (WCC). The NFT submitted the draft documents in September 1998. Their outputs have formed the basis for this document.

Phase I of the TCP Assistance

This Phase focuses on participatory demonstrations by farmer groups in activities covering the four cornerstones of the SPFS: water control and management; crop intensification; diversification; and constraints analysis. A project, focusing on the development of small scale irrigation combined with crop intensification activities as and diversification well as a continuous analysis of constraints to increased food production, was approved in May 1999 for financing under FAO’s Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP). Project implementation has recently is expected to startstarted ed shortly. The livestock and aquaculture proposals made in this document will complete the range of activities envisaged under a full SPFS package. Targeting smallholders, most of the activities will take place in the WCC irrigation sites so as to demonstrate the integration, complementarity and synergy of the farming system. The features of the individual sites are set out in Annex 2 and their constraints and proposed technologies to be demonstrated aredemonstrated are set out in the table below.

Participating farmers would be provided with a range of goods and support services. The project will have a heavy dosage of training, largely on farm. Subject matterSubject matter specialistissts in the respective ministries will train the trainers (field extension workers) who in turn will train the "Master" and other farmers. In order to enable the extension staff and farmers to physically observe and learn from experiences of other farmers, there will be on-site field days, in-country tours as well as a study tour to a neighbouring country where similar SPFS activities have or are taking place.

The high level of losses of scavenging family poultry will be reduced in the selected sites by campaigns to control Newcastle Disease and by promoting improved housing and supplementary feeding. Selected "Master Farmers" will be provided with dual-purpose breeds, such as the Australorp or Rhode Island Red as village demonstrations. Improved goat husbandry, including simple but effective housing, utilization of locally available feeds, introduction of browse/tree legumes for feed and fuel, and simple health care will be demonstrated. Improved housing, supplementary feeding using locally available products and improved animal health will be promoted. An initial stock (1-2) of indigenous goats will be given to selected households too poor to acquire them. Selected "Master farmers" will each be provided with either a pure breed Boer bucks for crossing or a pair of a pure-bred (or crossbred) does and bucks of one of the locally available milking goat breeds as village demonstration. To keep supplemental feed costs to a minimum and to demonstrate on-farm inter-linkages, farmers will be encourage to use crop residues, particularly from vegetables, as supplemental animal feed.

In poultry, as most households already have chicken, the major focus will be on reducing the high level of losses of scavenging family poultry due to disease, poor housing and poor feeding. Therefore, in the selected sites, by campaigns would be carried out to control Newcastle Disease andby promoteing improved housing and supplementary feeding. For breed improvement village demonstrations, selected "Master Farmers" will each be provided with 2 dual-purpose breeds cockrelscockerels, such as the Australorp or Rhode Island Redd for crossing with local hens. Master farmers in a position to undertake a higher level of poultry management will be given a production unit of pure breed birds consisting of 10 chicken and one cockrelcockerel in order to demonstrate the viability and sustainability of small commercial poultry enterprises. To keep poultry feed costs low, farmers will be encouraged to, and shown how to prepare poultry feed using surplus on-farm grain production, such as maize.

In smallholder aquaculture, the project will demonstrate appropriteappropriate pond construction, fingerling production, pond stocking densities, feeding techniqiestechniques, harvesting and product preservation for marketing. Fish fingerling arefingerling is available in Government farms but the supplies are erratic and the hatcheries are not widlelywidely distributed. The project will therefore encourage farmers to produce their own fingerlings. In as far as possible and to promote an integrated farming system, the farmers will be encouraged to use, as pond fertilizer, locally available feed materials which are by-products from other farming activities such poultry and livestock manure. After the ponds have been drained and before being filled for the next fish crop, the farmers will be encouraged to grow therein a forage crop for supplemental animal feed.

The Phase 1 pilot demonstrations would last about two years and, following evaluation of the programme, would be followed by Phase II to be incorporated in the country's planned investments in the livestock and fisheries sub-sectors being planned under the Country X Agriculture and Livestock Investment Programme (MALSIP).. This latter Phaselatter Phase will involve athe nation-wide replication of on-farm methodologies and practices which, during Phase I participatory demonstrations, have been found acceptable to and sustainable by the farmers.

FAO’s assistance will be complemented by the African Development Bank (ADB) from which the Government of Country X is seeking a grant to finance SPFS Phase I participatory demonstration activities on another 17 sites in the other parts of the country not covered by the FAO project. The ADB-financed participatoryfinanced participatory demonstrations are expected to start in early 2000, will last up to three years and will cover all the four components of the SPFS. Furthermore, synergies will be derived from linking project activities with an IFAD assisted and FAO/ALCOM executed project on integrated irrigation-aquaculture expected to start in the second half of the year 2000. ALCOM’s participation is foreseen in three broad areas: assisting in carrying out PRAs at the demonstration sites; training of trainers; and facilitating the implementation, monitoring, monitoring and evaluation of field activities.

II. Objectives of the Assistance

The overall objective of the assistance is to help Country X improve its food security and human nutrition through sustainable and financially viable increases of livestockof livestock and aquaculture fish production and productivity, for both direct consumption and income. Participatory demonstrations will be carried out on 8 sites described in Annex 2 in which the Water Control participatoryControl participatory demonstrations are taking place.

The immediate objectives of the programme are as follows:

Objective 1

To demonstrate improved goat management practices and the benefits of integrating of them with irrigated crop production and aquaculture and to increase the capacity of both extension workers and farmers to exploit the potential of goat production to increase household food security and income.

Objective 2

To demonstrate the benefits of improved small-scale poultry husbandry and the benefits of integrating them with irrigated crops, livestock and aquaculture production and to increase the capacity of both extension staff and farmers to exploit the potential of improved poultry production to increase household food security. and income.

Objective 3

Demonstrate appropriate smallholder fish farming technologies and the integration of fish farming into mixed farming systems based on irrigated crop production, livestock and poultry; train front- line extension staff and farmers in improved pond-based fish husbandry, club/group formation and organization, pond construction, fish feeding and harvesting as well as marketing.

Objective 4

To identify the primary constraints, including policy and institutional ones, that prevent farmers adopting improved technologies and management practices to increase livestock and aquaculture production ; and provide options on how these could be overcome.

IV. Project Outputs

Output 1

Increased goat productivity through reduced mortalities; 24** bucks distributed to 24 farmers for crossbreeding; 40** resource-poor households given 80 indegeneousindigenous goats and thus introduced to goat keeping; 16 pure breed or crossed milking does and 16 bucks given to 16 farmers and goat milk production demonstrated;; 8 front-line extension staff and 160 farmers trained in improved goat husbandry and the benefits of integrated livestock, crop and fish farming

Output 2

Increased poultry production and productivity through a reduction in losses and increases in egg production; local poultry breed improved through cross-breeding (24 pure breed cockrelscockerels distributed); 24 smallholder poultry enterprises each consisting of 10 pure breed hens and one pure breed cockrelcockerel established; 8 front-line extension staff and 160 farmers trained in improved poultry husbandry.

Output 3

Twenty four Thirty sixFourty eighSixty(24)3648 fish ponds totaling 4.82.14 ha established and operated by farmers; increased fisheryaquaculture production and productivity; 68 front-line fisheryaquaculture extension staff and 2432 farmers trainedfarmers trained in improved fish husbandry and management (including pond construction, stocking density, feeding, harvesting and marketing) and how to integrate fisheryaquaculture activities into other on-farm activities, particularly crops and livestock farming.

Output 4

Constraints to increased small livestock and smallholder aquaculture production and productivity identified and proposals made for their removal; proposals made for the expansion of the programme in Phase II.

V. Work Plan

The programme activities will be undertaken according to the Work Plan set out below for individual outputs (see Annex 4).

Activities for Output 1

Selection of suitable sites for demonstrations *.

Selection of participating farmers.

Carry out a PRA at each of the selected sites.

Assessmentof the present goat production situation including: production objectives, production levels, , constraints and opportunities and producer aspirations.

Selection of master farmers to receive improved stock.

DevelopeDevelop priorities and design and plan activities together with farmers

Training of farmers and trainers (front-line livestock extension staff) and farmers, including a study tour..

Procurement and supply of the necessary initial goats stock by a contracted NGO.

Demonstrateration of proper goat management including supplementary feeding using home-grown fodder and on-farm crop residues, simple housing and disease control and treatment.

Demonstrate ion of fodder and browse production for feeding to goats.

Organize ing of farmer field days and in-country farmer visits.

.Monitor ing and evaluateion of component outputs under the programme..

Preparation of recommendations for programme expansion under Phase II.

Activities for Output 2

Selection ofsuitable sites for demonstrations*.

Select ion ofparticipating farmers (see footnote 3 above).

Carry out a PRA at each of the selected sites.

Assess ment of the present poultry production including: production objectives, production levels, constraints and opportunities and producer aspirations.

Develop priorities and design and plan activities together with farmers

Select ion of the master farmers to receive improved breeds.

Training of trainers farmers and (front-line livestock extension staff) farmers,, including a study tour.

Procure ment and supply of the necessary initial poultry stock bystock by a contracted NGO.

Demonstrate ion of improved poultry management, including simple housing, disease control and treatment and supplementary feeding, using on-farm crop residues/grain surpluses.

Control ofNewcastle Disease in all the selected sites though regular vaccination.

Organize ing of farmer field days and in-country farmer visits.

Monitoring and evaluate ion ofcomponent outputs under the programme.

Prepare ation of recommendations for programme expansion under Phase II.

Activities for Output 3

1. *Select ion of suitable sites for demonstrations*.

2. Select ion of farmers farmers to participate in the demonstrations (see footnote 3 above).

Carry out a PRA at each of the selected sites.

3. AssesmentAssessment of the aquaculture situation (production systems, constraints and opportunities) and performance at the demonstration sites.

Develop priorities and design and plan activities together with farmers.

Select master farmers who would construct and operate/manage the ponds.

3. Identify ication ofpotential sources of fingerlings (emphasis would be on the indegenousindigenous species such as tilapia. which can be easily bred locally)

4. Plan with farmers the establishment of the component.Purchase equipment and supply it to the farmers.

5. Training of trainers Farmer and (front-line aquaculture extension staff) and farmers in pond-based fish management including appropriate pond construction, fingerling production, stocking densities, feeding and fertilization (preferably using livestock and poultry manure), harvesting and marketing.

6. Undertake fFarmer and front-line extension staff tours andfield days, in-country and external study tours.

7. Purchase ing of equipment and supplying it to farmers.

Prepare ation of land and construct the ponds. construction.

Procure ment and stocking of fingerlings in ponds.

Planning, with farmers, the appropriate harvesting, preservation and marketing of their fish.

11. Monitoring and evaluate ion othef results results from the component.

12. Make recommendations for the expanded programexpanded programme under Phase II.

Activities for Output 43

At the start of the project:

Perform a base-line diagnostic survey of the small ruminant and fisheries activities in pilot sites.

Carry out a socio-economic analysis of the farming population in the pilot sites.

Designing an impact monitoring system that can, at the end of the project, be suitably consolidated into the existing monitoring evaluation activities of MAI.

At the end of each six months:

At the end of each six months, Ccarrying out simple statistical surveys and cost/benefit analysis.

Towards the end of the project:

Prepare ing a discussion document consolidating the experiences, lessons learnt and proposals for resolving the constraints identified and to be taken into account when designing Phase II ofII of the programme.

Undertake a Astakeholders’ workshop (in conjunction with the one planned under the WCC project). to discuss and agree on the proposals setproposals set out in 5. above.

(* Denotes activities which have already been done).

VI. Capacity Building

The SPFS is a locally managed programme. The TCP in itself will therefore contribute in strengthening capabilities of all staff and farmers involved in its implementation by offering them an opportunity to practically implement improved livestock and fisheryaquaculture activities within an integrated farming system. Farmers and front-line extension staff would be trained in methodologies to identify markets for their products, product promotion and pricing as well as market intelligence (see Training in Section VI – Inputs by FAO). The subsequent Phase II of the programme would institutionalize the positive experiences gained under this project.

VII. Inputs to be Provided by FAO

Personnel (up to US$ 902,550)

The following personnel will be provided by FAO (see Annex 6 for Terms of Reference):

TCDC Livestock Production (Small Ruminants) Expert 2 months

TCDC Poultry Specialist 2 months

TCDC Aquaculture Specialist 2 months

National Small Ruminants Specialist 2 months

National Poultry Production Specialist 2 months

National Aquaculturist 2 months

National Livestock Economist 1 month

PRA and Constraints Analysis Advisor 1 month

Assistance was provided by FAO to finalize the formulation of the captioned TCP project proposal. This assistance consisted of one Economist from TCIR (15 days; see Annex 1, Table 5 for detailed costs and Annex 6 for the Terms of Reference).

The TCDC Livestock, and Poultry and Aquaculture Specialists will provide their inputs in two missions over a two-year period during which they will assist in planning and designing project activities and in capacity building of MAI’s Department of Animal Health and Industry (DAHI) and MNREA staff and farmers. The national specialists will provide their services as and when required on a "while actually employed" basis composed of short missions to the project. The PRA and Constraints Analysis Advisor under the WCC TCP project will be extended by one month to cover thecover the constraints work required under this project.

FAO’s technical divisions will provide the following support:, using technical staff from SAFR, will provide a Livestock Specialist (3 weeks) to technically backstop the small ruminants and poultry component; an Fisheries Aquaculture Specialist (3 weeks) to oversee the aquaculture component; and; and a Policy Economist (1 week) to backstop the Constraints Analysis activities. In addition, they SAFR technical staffwillould undertake supervisory support to the project.

Official Duty Travel (up to US$ 16,700)

It is envisaged that FAO contribution will cover the duty travel of the national consultants, the TCDC experts, theand the backstopping officers. and the projectmid-term review.

Contracts (up to US$ 1530,000)

To finance the costs of rehabilitating a dam (US$ 15,000) and procuring the services of a local NGO (US$ 15,000) to assist with the distribution of equipment and inputs, assistance in marketing of products, recovery of loans from farmers and administration of the Revolving Fund (see Annex 6Annex 6 for TORs).

General Operating Expenses (up to US$ 87,000), 000)

Calculated on the following basis:

US$500 per month/consultant x 142 months US$ 76,000, 000

+ provision for terminal statement US$ 1,000

Materials and Supplies (up to US$ 7,69822,554; see Annex 1, Tables 2 - 4)

These relate to consumable supplies and livestock and fisheryaquaculture inputs. The inputs will be supplied to the farmers by DAHI and the Department of Fisheries (DOF) and DAHI, through an NGO, on credit to be repaid after marketing the produce (see Section VIII - Special Considerations).

Equipment (up to US$ 29,70431,272; see Annex 1, Tables 2 - 4)

This covers the provision of the livestock and aquaculturefisheries equipment, tools and implements as well as 10 motorcycles for field technicians. The equipment will be procured according to FAO/GOX procedures. GOX, in collaboration with FAO, will select a suitable NGO to carry out the distribution of the equipment to the beneficiaries on loan and recover the loans from them (see Section VIII - Special Considerations).

Direct Operating Costs (up to US$ 20,000)

To cover miscellaneous expenses at FAO Headquarters related to the implementation of the project.

Training (up to US$ 45,4768,83644,120)

To cover the costs of training farmers, extension staff and NGOs closely linked with Programme implementation. Cost breakdown is as follows:

i) Training of technical staff: 8 livestock field technicians and 68 fisheryaquaculture field technicians (both at (RDD/EPA levels depending on local circumstances).

Induction Course at the start of the project:

Livestock technicians’ number of days x number of persons (DN1): 5x8 = 40= 40

DN1 x cost per person: 40 x 20 = US$ 800

AquacultureFisheries technicians number of days x number of persons (DN2): (2.5x68) = 1520

DN2 x cost per person: 20 x 1520 = US$ 3400

Short-term courses (both groups) during project implementation

Number of days x number of technicians (DN3): 4x146 = 564

DN3 x cost per person: 5664 x 20 = US$ 1,1201280

Sub-total US$ 2,220

ii) Training of Livestock Farmers: 160 livestock farmers including 8 master (lead) farmers.

Master (Lead) Farmers: I day per month for 20 months

Number of days x number of farmers (DN1): (20x8) = 160

DN1 x cost per farmer: 160 x 10 = US$ 1,600

All participating farmers: One (1) initial fieldinitial field day per site at the start of the programme; thereafter, 2 field days per site per year for 2 years.

Number of days x number of persons (DN2): 60x160 = 9,600

DN2 x cost per farmer: 9,600 x 2 = US$ 19,200

Sub-total US$ 20,800

iii) Training of fish farmers: All the participating 2432 farmers. One (1) initial fieldinitial field day per site at the start of the program; thereafter, 62 field days per site per year for 2 years.

Number of days x number of trainees (DN1): (6+144)60 x 2432 = 3,600

DN1 x cost per person: 3,6001,920 x 2 = US$ 7,2003,840

iv) Training materials: Lump sum - US$ 1,000

v) PRAs: Incremental cost only since the PRAs willPRAs will most likely be carried out taken in conjunction with the ones planned for the WCC Project. US$ 53,000

vi) Study tour to a neighbouring country, preferably Zambia. 1 tour of 5 days, including travel for 8farmers (one per participating district), 1 livestock extension technician and 1 aquauculturefisheries extension extension technician.

Number of days x number of participants (DN): 5 x 8 =40

DN x cost per person: 40 x 100 = US$ 4,000

Travel (US$ 200 per ticket) = US$ 1,600

Other costs US$ 1,000

Sub-total US$ 7,000

Stakeholders’ Workshops: For participatoryFor participatory project planning, training, and constraints analysis is activities. As they will mostly take place at the same time and venues as those planned under the WCC project, these are incremental costs only. US$ 6,000

VIII. REPORTING

The reportingThe reporting to the Government and FAO will be the responsibility of the National Programme Coordinator. The following reports are required:

Quarterly ReportsEvery three months, the National Programme Coordinator will prepare, in the standard format, the Information Sheet on the SPFS for submission to FAO.

Six Monthly Reports

Every six months, the National Project Coordinator will prepare a project progress report containing:

Actual implementation of activities compared to the workplan

Identification of problems and constraints (technical, institutional, economic, social, etc.) in project implementation

Recommendations for corrective measures

Detailed and updated workplan for the following reporting period.

The Progress report will be submitted to the Government and FAO as scheduled in the overall workplan.

Technical Reports

The project will publish relevant technical reports, reference materials and training and extension materials to assist field staff in the implementation of the programme. The reports will be submitted, to both the GOX and FAO, by the National Planning Coordinator. Technical Reports as foreseen in the Outputs and Activities of the project documentation will be submitted by the National Project Coordinator to both the Government of Country X and FAO.

Field Documents

To be produced by national consultants and the TCDC Livestock, and Poultry and Aquaculture Specialists and be issued by the FAO Representative.

Terminal Statement

One month before the end of the project, the National Project Coordinator will submit a draft Terminal Report to FAO and the Government of Country X, for consideration at the terminal review meeting.

As per established FAO procedures, the AGA’s back-stopping officer, as the FAO lead technical unit (LTU), will be responsible for and obtain contributions from FIR, for drafting the Terminalthe Terminal Statement which will be forwarded to the FAO Representative and submitted by FAO to the Government.

The Report and Statement will assess in a concise manner, the extent to which the project’s scheduled activities have been carried out, its outputs and progress towards achieving the objectives. They will also provide adequate recommendations for the expansion phase.

Review

The progress of the project will be jointly examined by FAO and the Government of Country X at the end of the first year (mid-term review). The final review (terminal evaluation) of the project will be done towards the end of the second year and will produce recommendations for Phase II. A terminal review meeting will then be held to examine project achievements and decide on follow-up.

IX. Government Contribution and Supporting Arrangements

Personnel

The project will be supervised by a National Programme Steering Committee (NPSC) composed of the Permanent Secretary of MAI as Chairman and Representatives of other ministries and institutions concerned with the implementation of the project, as well as the FAO Representative to Country X. The NPSC will oversee, guide and closely supervise the formulation and implementation of the programme including the coordination of programme funding from FAO and GOX. At MAI, Director of the Department of Animal Health and Industry (DAHI), and, and, at the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs (MNREA), the Director of Fisheries (DOF) will be respectively entrusted with the overall day-to-day responsibility for the technical implementation of the project. The National Project Coordinator (NPC) of the on-going WCC TCP Project will also be NPC of this project, at no cost to the project. Additionally, GOX will provide, on a part-time basis, services of a Livestock (Small Ruminants) Specialist, a Poultry Specialist, An Aquaculturist, and a Livestock Economist as well as field support staff, also at no cost to the project. Livestock productionLivestock production and extension supportextension support to the project will be provided by DAHI; aquaculture production and extension support will be provided by DOF; support in marketing will be provided by the respective Departments of Agricultural Planning Services of MAI and MNREA.

Travel

As a supplement to FAO contribution.

General Operating Expenses

Include stationery, telephone, electricity and maintenance of Government equipment to be used by the project.

Equipment and Premises

The Government will provide furniture, vehicles and computer facilities for the project, as well as office space.

Training

The Government will provide accommodation, board and lodging for training and other facilities, such as printing of training materials.

Special Considerations

This project, as part of the Phase 1 of the SPFS, involves the introduction of new or unfamiliar technologies. The aim is to promote sustainable development of livestock and aquaculture fishery and their ownership by farmers, not only on the project sites but also on a larger scale, during the expansion in Phase II. Therefore, the demonstration of the technologies will be linked to the testing of farmers’ capacity and willingness to become owners of the technologies. The project approach is that sustained technological and social innovations can result only from farmers’ participation and ultimate responsibility for financing and construction of the irrigation facilities.

This suggests that part of the risk and costs associated with participating in the demonstrations should be shared between the farmers and FAO. However, in the interests of determining replicability, and achieving sustainability, the farmers should be expected to meet all reasonable costs.

The formation of farmers into formal or informal groups and the establishment of sound principles of cost recovery in these groups would be an integral part of setting up the demonstrations. Beneficiary farmers would participate in the groups and, through signed or verbal agreement, endorse the terms and conditions associated with the development and operation of the demonstrations. At the onset of the project, the National Project Coordinator and the DAHI/DOF staff will hold discussions and negotiations with group members with a view to establishing cost recovery mechanisms on the basis of the principles set out in Annex 76.

PROJECT BUDGET

Country: Country X

Project Title: Diversification Project in Support of the Special Programme for Food Security

Project Symbol: TCP/.../…..

FAO CONTRIBUTION IN US$

For summary costs, by Budget Line and Component, see details in Annex 1 below.

* TCI Assistance to the TCP project formulation (see Annex 1, Table 6 and TORs in Annex 5).

ANNEXES

FINANCING AND BUDGET BREAKDOWN BY ACTIVITY

MATRIX DESCRIPTION OF PILOT SITES

PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

PLAN OF OPERATIONS

GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION

TERMS OF REFERENCE

COST RECOVERY PRINCIPLES

FARM INCOME ANALYSIS

ANNEX 2

MATRIX DESCRIPTION OF PILOT SITES

ANNEX 3

PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

1. Overall responsibility for programme implementation for livestock activities will lie with the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MAI) through its Department of Animal Health and Industry (DAHI). Programme implementation for fisheryaquaculture activities will lie with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs (MNREA) through its Department of Fisheries (DOF).

2. Coordination of the different inputs by the above departments will be carried out by the National Programme Coordinator (NPC). The NPC will also be responsible for the facilitation of linkages among other central and field level institutions whose operations have a bearing on the SPFS. He/she will liaise with FAO and other donors who may be interested in participating in the SPFS. Additionally, he/she, in consultation with the appropriate technical line department of MAI and MNREA, will be responsible for the sourcing and recruitment of consultants, formulation of the annual work plans for the programme and for regularly reporting programme activities to the National Steering Committee. His/her Terms of Reference are set out in Annex 6.

32. The Director of the DAHI, through his staff at the Agricultural Development Division (ADD), Rural Development Division (RDD) and Extension Planning Area (EPA) levels, will be responsible for supplying livestock extension to the farmers; recommending on what animals and birds to buy and methodologies for their upkeep; and organizing livestock training activities for farmers and front-line extension workers.

43. The Director of the DOF through his staff at the ADD, RDD and EPA levels, will provide aquaculturefisheries extension support to farmers in all aspects of pond-based fish production; assist farmers in sourcing fingerlings and pond inputs; and provide training to both farmers and front-line extension staff involved in the programme.

54. The Government is discouraging the free handout of donor assistance to farmers. The equipment and inputs provided by this programme will therefore be given as credit in kind. DAHI and DOF will therefore supply them to selected farmers on credit.

65. Participating farmers will individually own and look after the goats and the poultry. The master farmers will own and look after the bucks and charge a fee for their use for cross-breeding by other farmers within the community. The pure breed cockerels will free rangeHowever, since the pure breed bucks and the cockerels will be shared between a group of farmers, each group will select which farmers among themselves will keep the buck and the cockerel. And will agree on how they will be rotated among the farmers.

76. The fish ponds will each be owned and managed by a master farmer selected among the group of farmers who will have expressed interest in participating in the aquaculture demonstrations. Each master farmer will be associated with at least 3 other farmers interested in fishery who would actively obtain training on his/her pond. groups of farmers led, preferably, by a Master farmer". With the guidance of front-line extension officer (trainer), the master farmer will plan and arrange for the stocking, feeding regime, harvesting, marketing and draining of the pond and, later, re-stocking.

They will agree among themselves the stocking and harvesting intervals and the division of labour in the management of the pond.

ANNEX 4

PLAN OF OPERATIONS

ANNEX 6

TERMS OF REFERENCE

NATIONAL COORDINATOR

(for the whole Programme, including the Water Control Component Project)

Duration: 24 months (full time basis)

Job Description

The National Coordinator will be responsible for the following:

1. Ensuring the implementation of the SPFS and supervision of its activities, including the surveys and technical designs of the pilot areas, the procurement of equipment and necessary inputs and supplies.

2. Facilitating linkages among the central and local level institutions involved in the implementation of the Programme.

3. Liaising with FAO and other participating donors.

4. In collaboration with the respective service departments in MAI and MNREA, ensuring the timely procurement of physical and technical assistance inputs.

5. Guiding, assisting and supervising the work of all parties involved in the programme.

6. In consultation with the respective technical line department heads, source and recruit consultants for the programme.

7. Publicizing the positive results of the programme to the Government and potential donors for Phase II.

8. Assisting with the organization of relevant workshops, seminars, training programmes.

9. Producing periodic progress reports of the programme and reporting the same to the National Steering Committee.

10. Producing the Terminal report for consideration at the Final Review Meeting.

Qualifications

The candidate should possess a least an MSc in an agricultural related subject and have 10 years of professional experience, of which preferably at least 5 years should be in a project management position. Prior experience with internationally funded projects will be an added advantage.

THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO)

Duration: 24 months

Job Description:

Under the guidance of the National Programme Coordinator (NPO), and in collaboration with other members of the project implementation team:

1. Collaborate with DAHI and DOF in identifying farmers who are interested to form groups for project activities.

2. Guide the farmers in the formation and administration of the groups.

3. In collaboration with DAHI and DOF staff and on the basis of the recovery principles set in Annex 7, discuss and agree with farmers on suitable cost recovery mechanisms and help in the establishment of revolving funds.

4. Train farmers in the administration of the revolving funds.

5. In collaboration with the NPO and DAHI/DOF staff, distribute the equipment and livestock and fisheryaquaculture inputs to the farmers.

6. Assist the farmers in the marketing of their produce.

7. At the end of the marketing season, recover installments of the loans for equipment and inputs as agreed beforehand with the farmers.

Qualifications:

A proven record in the mobilization of farmers, training rural groups, and delivering agricultural services particularly rural finance and marketing.

TCDC INTERNATIONAL SMALL RUMINANT SPECIALIST

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Duration: 2 months (in two missions)

Job Description:

Under the technical and operational supervision of the respective FAO technical division, sub-regional office in Harare (SAFR), the consultant will, in collaboration with the National SPFS Project Coordinator and technical staff from the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, assist in the development and implementation of the small ruminant aspects of the SPFS. In particular he/she will:

First Assignment Mission: Early 2000 – 1 month

Provide technical leadership in the development and co-ordination of the programme of improved small ruminant production as part of the Diversification Component;

prepare detailed specifications for the proposed technical interventions including: the required inputs (i.e. animal purchase, housing design), expected outputs and benefits;

prepare a seasonal (monthly) programme of activities with supporting training and extension materials;

list and source essential supplies (breeding stock, feed, vaccines, drugs, etc.) and assist in the procurement;

assess training requirements of the farmers, ministry and NGO staff and prepare a training schedule for Phase I;

assist in the preparation of the training curriculum and undertake training course with the emphasis on training of trainers;

monitor and evaluate the progress of the activities and provide detailed missions reports to FAO with findings, conclusions and recommendations; and

undertake any other duties as required by FAO.

Second Assignment Mission: Autumn 2001 - 1 month)

Review progress of the small ruminant activities during monitoring visits to the field and in cooperation with national consultants, assess constraints and advise field staff on the various aspects of the improved small ruminant production;

organize and conduct training session for field staff to evaluate progress and constraints and enhance knowledge and skills of the technical and extension staff on specific aspects and techniques,

assist in the preparation of Phase II as required;

prepare a mission report concluding results of one production season and prepare recommendations for the implementation of the second season in 2000; and

undertake any other duties as required by FAO.

Qualifications

A first degree on animal production with a postgraduate specialization on small ruminant production and management and 10 years of experience in small ruminant management and husbandry. Prior international/regional experience would be an added advantage.

TCDC INTERNATIONAL POULTRY SPECIALIST

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Duration: 2 months (in two missions)

Job Description:

Under the technical and operational supervision of the respective FAO technical division, sub-regional office in Harare (SAFR), tthe consultant will, in collaboration with the National SPFS Project Coordinator and technical staff from the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, assist in the development and implementation of the poultry aspects of the SPFS. In particular he/she will:

First Assignment Mission: Early 2000 - 1 month)

Provide technical leadership in the development and co-ordination of the programme of improved household poultry interventions as part of the Diversification Component;

prepare detailed specifications for the proposed technical interventions including: the required inputs (i.e. housing design), expected outputs and benefits;

prepare a seasonal (monthly) programme of activities with supporting training and extension materials;

assess training requirements of the farmers, ministry and NGO staff and prepare a training schedule for Phase I;

assist in the preparation of training curriculum and undertake training course with the emphasis on training of trainers;

monitor and evaluate the progress of the activities and provide detailed missions reports to FAO with findings, conclusions and recommendations; and

undertake any other related duties as required by FAO.

Second Assignment Mission: Autumn 2001 - one month)

Review progress of the poultry-related activities during monitoring visits to the field and in cooperation with national consultants, assess constraints and advise field staff on the various aspects of the improved household poultry;

organize and conduct training session for field staff to evaluate progress and constraints and enhance knowledge and skills of the technical and extension staff on specific aspects and techniques;

assist in the preparation of Phase II as required;

prepare a mission report concluding results of one production season and prepare recommendations for the implementation of the second season in 2000; and

undertake any other related duties as required by FAO.

Qualifications

A first degree on animal production with a postgraduate degree on poultry science and 10 years of experience in rural poultry development and disease control. Prior international/regional experience would be an added advantage.

TCDC AQUACULTURE SPECIALIST

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Duration: 2 months (in two missions)

Job Description:

Under the technical and operational supervision of the respective FAO technical division sub-regional office in Harare (SAFR) and the FAO Regional Aquaculture Officer in Accra, the consultant will, in collaboration with the National SPFS Project Coordinator and technical staff from the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs (MNREA), particularly the Director of Fisheries (DOF), assist in the development and implementation of the aquaculture aspects of the SPFS. In particular he/she will:

First Assignment Mission: Early 2000 - 1 month)

Provide technical leadership in the development and co-ordination of the programme of aquaculture interventions as part of the Diversification Component;

prepare detailed specifications for the proposed technical interventions including: the required inputs, expected outputs and benefits;

prepare a seasonal (monthly) programme of activities with supporting training and extension materials;

assess training requirements of the farmers, ministry and NGO staff and prepare a training scheduletraining schedule for Phase I;

assist in the preparation of training curriculum and undertaking of training course with the emphasis on training of trainers;

monitor and evaluate the progress of the activities and provide a detailed mission report, in English language, to FAO with findings, conclusions and recommendations; and

undertake any other related duties as required by FAO.

Second Assignment Mission: Autumn 2001 - one month)

Review progress of the aquaculture-related activities during monitoring visits to the field and in cooperation with national consultants, assess constraints and advise field staff on the various aspects of aquaculture;

organize and conduct training session for field staff to evaluate progress and constraints and enhance knowledge and skills of the technical and extension staff on specific aspects and techniques;

assist in the preparation of Phase II as required;

prepare a mission report in English language concluding results of one production season and prepare recommendations for the implementation of the second season in 2000; and

undertake any other related duties as required by FAO.

Qualifications

A first degree in aquaculture, agriculture, biology or a related science with a postgraduate degree in aquaculture and 7 years of experience in aquaculture development. Training experience is a prerequisite. Prior international/regional experience would be an added advantage.

NATIONAL AQUACULTURIST

Duration: 2 months

Job Description

The Aquaculturist will undertake his/her duties under the guidance of the National Project Coordinator . His/her duties include:-

Assisting the NPC to prepare work plan for the Aquaculture component of SPFS.

Assisting the NPC with monitoring and evaluation of the aquaculture activities of the programme.

Assist NPC in writing reports on the aquaculture component performance.

Liaise with the IFAD/ALCOM Integrated Irrigation and Aquaculture Project (due to start shortly).

Assist in the formulation of the Phase II proposals.

Carrying out any other tasks defined by the NPC.

QUALIFICATIONS

A minimum of MsSc degree in Aquaculture and fish biology; at least 7 years of experience Fish farming at smallholder farmer level

NATIONAL SMALL RUMINANTS SPECIALIST

Duration: 2 months (on a while actually employed basis)

Job Description:

The National Small Ruminants Specialist will undertake his/her duties under the guidance of the National Project Coordinator and the International Livestock Expert (TCDC). His/her duties will include:

Assisting the NPC to prepare a work plan for the small ruminants activities of the project.

Assisting with the implementation of the small ruminants component.

Assist with the training of farmers and front-line Government staff in issues relating to the appropriate farm management techniques for small ruminants.

Contribute to the preparation of proposals for the Phase II of the project.

Carry out any other duties as defined by the NPC.

QUALIFICATIONS

A minimum of a MSc degree in Animal Husbandry and at least 7 years experience in implementing small ruminant development activities.

NATIONAL POULTRY PRODUCTION SPECIALIST

Duration: 2 months (on a while actually employed basis)

Job Description:

The National Poultry Production Specialist will undertake his/her duties under the guidance of the National Project Coordinator and the International Poultry Expert (TCDC). His/her duties will include:

1. Assisting the NPC to prepare a work plan for the poultry activities of the project.

2. Assisting with the implementation of the poultry component.

3. Assist with the training of farmers and front-line Government staff in issues relating to the appropriate farm management techniques for poultry.

4. Contribute to the preparation of proposals for the Phase II of the project.

5. Carry out any other duties as defined by the NPC.

QUALIFICATIONS

A minimum of a MSc degree in Animal Husbandry (poultry specialization) and at least 7 years experience in implementing small ruminant development activities.

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK ECONOMIST

Duration: 1 month (on a when-actually-employed basis)

Job description

The Livestock Economist will undertake his/her duties under the guidance of the NPC and in collaboration with other members of the team and national counterparts. His/her duties include:

Assisting the NPC to prepare a work plan for the SPFS.

2. Working closely with the National PRA and Constraints Analysis Specialist, carrying out a review of financial and economic impacts, including the estimations of gross margins, of the livestock and fisheries aquaculture activities +

of the programme.

Providing monitoring and evaluation guidelines for the programme.

Preparing appropriate reports as specified in the work plan.

Assist with the preparation of proposals for implementation in Phase II of the programme.

Any other duties as defined by the NPC.

Qualifications

A minimum of Msc in Livestock Economics and at least 7 years of experience on economic and financial evaluation of livestock projects.

NATIONAL PRA AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS SPECIALIST

Duration: 1 month (topping up the time already provided under the Water Control Project)

Job Description:

Under the direct supervision of the National SPFS Programme Coordinator and the support of the FAOR and the responsible TCO Officer, and with the technical support of the responsible TCA Policy Officer and the orientation to be provided by detailed guidelines prepared by FAO, the National Results and Constraints Analysis Advisor will:

prepare a programme of work to carry out, in a participatory way, the analysis of constraints to increased production under the scope of the SPFS, and identify the areas of expertise and the human resources required;

organize the collection of information for the constraints analysis, including the carrying out of base-line diagnostic surveys and small statistical farm-management type performance surveys in the pilot phase sites;

select and supervise the work being undertaken in this respect by the national team as well as national consultants, if required;

review all reports relating to end-of-season results, impact monitoring and constraints analysis;

ensure that the SPFS national team maintains a suitable database for these purposes;

assist in organizing discussions of national and regional constraints with stakeholders, and in preparing for National Coordinating Committee meetings and finalizing reports required by funding agencies for these purposes;

assist in the preparation of investment and policy and institutional reform programmes for the expansion phase benefiting from the lessons learnt from the analysis of constraints; and

perform other related duties as required to ensure the smooth operation of the programme. Specifically, he/she will:

A. During the start of pilot phase activities

Review existing literature on the potentials and constraints for food production in the country, and indicate the ways in which the activities proposed for the pilot phase relate to those potentials and constraints.

Arrange for the carrying out of a base-line diagnostic survey using participatory appraisal methods of the areas selected for the pilot phase, covering:

a summary description of agro-ecological and institutional conditions;

a description of existing production systems, including farm management practices, farm budgets (including calculations of gross and net margins), allocation of land and labour (by gender and age group), processing and marketing, and off-farm sources of income; include also a section on past evolution and evolutionary trends of the production systems; and

a socio-economic analysis of the farming population of the areas, including distribution of assets, access to land, labour, inputs and produce markets, access to support services, gender roles, relevant institution and cultural factors, and existing processes of accumulation and impoverishment.

Assist the National Coordinator in the design of an impact monitoring system which will permit to assess achievements of the pilot phase in each demonstration area at the end of each production season.

B. During and at the end of each production season

Provide the support necessary to enable local and district-level extension workers and other programme coordinators and external appraisal teams, if required, to hold regular group meetings and informal discussions with farmers and other local people and stakeholders on the progress and results of the demonstrations, in particular on problems encountered, and actions to address them. (In carrying out this task, provision should be made in the national programme budget for the recruitment of national consultants or the contracting of NGOs, Universities or other groups with experience in participatory methods to provide extra support to local and district-level coordinators, as required, or carry out independent assessments).

Organize and supervise the carrying out of simple statistical surveys at the end of the growing seasons to collect the minimum farm budget data (mostly use of land, yields, input and labour use) required to assess the evolution of the demonstration areas.

Build up a dossier documenting the problems encountered, analyzing their apparent causes and describing and justifying the proposed solutions.

Assist the national coordinator to

carry out inquiries and organize a participatory dialogue with stakeholders on food security issues and related constraints at the regional and national level;

stir up discussion among stakeholders on investment and policy actions required to address those constraints; and

discuss within the National Coordinating Committee those policy and investment proposals which appear to be mature for action.

5. Link up with on-going projects and programmes in the country to search for solutions to the constraints identified and to incorporate their experience in the constraints analysis work.

C. Around six months before the end of the pilot phase

Prepare a discussion document consolidating the experience and lessons learnt from parts A and B above and the proposals emerging from them, and assist in the dissemination and discussion of the document among all interested parties.

Assist the national coordinator, relevant government officers and interested donors to organize and carry out the preparation of a programme of action for the expansion phase, which would profit from the experience and lessons learnt during the pilot phase. This programme of actions would consist of:

an investment programme for the expansion phase capable of being appraised for financing by government and donors; and

linked to it, a coherent set of recommendations to improve institutional mechanisms and policies in order to foster national food security (whose implications in terms of capital and recurrent costs should be included in the investment programme). The expansion phase may also include the extension of pilot activities in other areas.

Essential Qualifications

Person with 10 years’ experience in programme and project planning, participatory methods, institutional management, political decision making processes, with an established reputation in the country.

Education qualification

Agricultural or Socio-Economist with a Masters Degree.

FAO BACKSTOPPING MISSIONS

LIVESTOCK OFFICER

Duration: 3 weeks

Under the technical supervision of the Director AGA, the expert will:

First Mission: Early 2000 – 1.5 weeks

Visit communities with potential sites and determine the level of interest and commitment of stakeholders;

review the terms of reference of the TCDC livestock and poultry consultants and the national animal production officer to be recruited in support of the results and constraints;

monitor work plan for the rural poultry and small ruminant components of the SPFS;

evaluate the Diversification Component activities in the project area;

plan for the formulation of Phase II proposals of the Diversification Component;

establish monitoring and reporting procedures;

ascertain donors and NGOs interest in providing complimentary resources; and

prepare a mission report.

Second Mission: Mid-2001 – 1.5 weeks

Review the relevant Diversification Component documentation, hold discussions with the SPFS national team and, in visits to the pilot sites, assess the effectiveness of the Diversification Component in terms of increased food security and household incomes;

review, comment on, and assist in finalizing the Diversification Component of the RCA report;

participate in a national stakeholders workshop to discuss the RCA report with the view to agreeing on strategies and action plans for removal of the Diversification Component constraints identified;

any other related duties as assigned by FAO; and

prepare a terminal mission report.

FAO TECHNICAL BACKSTOPPING

FISHERIES AQUACULTURE OFFICER (AQUACULTURE)

Duration: 3 weeks

Duties:

Under the guidance of the respective unit chief in FIR Division, the officer will:

First mission: February 2000- two ( 2) weeks

Visit communities at the selected with potential sites and determine the level of interest and commitment of stakeholders.

Review the terms of reference (TORs) of the TCDC and Nanational Aaquaculturist consultants to be recruited in support of the project.results and constraints.

Review work plan for the Aquaculture component of SPFS.

Evaluate aquaculture activities in the project area.

Plan for the formulation of Phase II proposals.

Establish monitoring and reporting procedures.

Canvas donors and NGOs to determine the extent of interest in providing complementary resources.

Prepare a mission report.

Second mission: June/July 2001 – One (1) week

Review the relevant aquaculture documentation, hold discussions with the SPFS national team and, in visits to the pilot sites, assess the effectiveness of aquaculture in terms of increased food security and household incomes;

Review, comment on, and assist in finalizing the aquaculture component of RCA report.

Participate in a national stakeholders workshop to discuss the RCA report with the view to agreeing on strategies and action plans for removal of the aquaculture constraints identified;

Any other duties as assigned by the respective unit Cchief, in FIR; and.I Division;

Prepare a technicalrminal mission report.

FAO TECHNICAL BACKSTOPPING

POLICY OFFICER

Duration: 1 Week

Duties:

Under the guidance of the respective unit chief in TCA Division, the officer will:

First mission: early 2000 – Half (0.5) week.

Review the terms of reference for the various national consultants to be recruited in support of the Results and Constraints Analysis (RCA) of the TCP.

Screen and evaluate candidates for the RCA national consultant posts.

Guide the national consultants on the scope, methodology and reporting of RCA activities.

Any other duties as assigned by the respective unit chief in TCA Division.

Prepare a technical report.

Second mission: Autumn 2001 – Half (0.5) week

1. Review the relevant documentation, hold discussions with the SPFS national team and, in visits to the pilot sites, assess the effectiveness of the project in terms of increased food security and household incomes.

2. Review, comment on, and finalize the RCA report.

3. Participate in a national stakeholders workshop to discuss the RCA report with the view to agreeing on strategies and action plans for removal of the constraints identified.

4. Any other duties as assigned by the respective unit chief in TCA Division.

5. Prepare a technical mission report.

TCI BACKSTOPPING MISSION FOR THE FORMULATION OF THE DIVERSIFICATION TCP PROJECT IN SUPPORT OF THE SPFS

TERMS OF REFERENCE

On or about 16 August 1999, the TCI mission composed of an Economist/Financial Analyst will start work in Country X, for a period of about 2 weeks, to assist the National Formulation Team (NFT) to finalize the formulation of the draft TCP Project agreement to finance the non-Water Control Component (WCC) activities of Phase I of the SPFS. The mission will visit the sites which have been selected for the Phase I operations, collect the relevant data and discuss the SPFS with relevant potential beneficiaries. It will work closely with the office of the FAO Representative.

The mission will review the SPFS proposal and ensure that it is in accordance with the SPFS approach and guidelines and agree with the NFT on required changes in the respective documents and assist the NFT to finalize them. Specifically, the mission will be will be responsible for the: (i) programme cost estimates; (ii) financial and economic analysis of the programme, including issues on cost recovery and financial sustainability; and (iii) organization and management aspects of the Programme. In conjunction with the Government, the mission will also investigate other potential donor support for the programme. The mission will also review and recommend on the institutional arrangements for Phase I and draft TORs for national and international consultants and the backstopping/ATS missions foreseen during programme implementation.

Before leaving Country X, the mission will discuss the draft documents with the National Programme Coordinator and ensure that the approach and revisions to the documents have the full backing of the Government.

On return to Harare, the mission will prepare a Back-to-Office Report and finalize the draft TCP proposal for submission to the TCP Unit in Rome.

ANNEX 7

COST RECOVERY AND REVOLVING FUNDS

With the assistance of an NGO and DAHI/DOF staff, a farmer group would establish one or more revolving funds for the group scheme into which payments to recover the costs of scheme development and operation would be paid. The revolving funds would be administered by the group itself through the committee and, if deemed necessary, with the help of an NGO.

For capital works associated with the development of infrastructure such as fish ponds, canals, drains, and non-removable equipment (buried pipes, pump houses, etc.), no recovery of the capital costs would be expected. However, the beneficiary farmers are expected to provide a substantial contribution towards the costs of the construction works with labour and materials such as clearing, excavation works and procurement of construction materials (sand, stones etc.). In certain cases also part of the contributions in kind can be replaced by cash contributions.

For mobile equipment associated with movable irrigation devices (pumps, equipment, etc.) farmers would be expected to recover in principle all costs through an appropriate financial arrangement (private or communal credit schemes, or revolving funds). Recovery will be effected by payments over an agreed period (up to 5 years) and interest rates should reflect the market rates. In exceptional cases, where initial investments are high and present income of farmers is low, consideration should be given to subsidize part of the investment costs. The financial arrangements and level of subsidy would be determined by a socio-economic analysis, which will recommend a fair rate of recovery in relation to expected income from livestock and fish production and advise on a suitable mechanism to recover costs through local credit arrangements and revolving community funds.

The resources accumulated in the revolving fund would be available as loans for members and for new farmers participating in the programme, upon terms and conditions agreed by the members of the group.

For scheme level, operating costs (including routine maintenance), farmers would make payments into an operation and maintenance fund, the level of which would be set by the committee of the group. Fee levels would be determined by estimated operation and maintenance costs, and levied accordingly.

For seasonal inputs (fertilizer, seed, fish fingerlings etc) including simple hand tools, if they are provided by the project for the demonstration programme, a separate revolving fund would be established. Repayments would be made by farmers at the end of the marketing season. The resources accumulated in this revolving fund would be available as loans for members and new farmers participating in the programme, upon terms and conditions agreed by the members of the group.

For the future replacement of major equipment associated with the project activities, participating farmers would be encouraged to establish a sinking fund, into which annual payments determined by the members of the group would be made.

Monitoring the beneficiary contributions and the operation of the various revolving funds would be an important element in the programme. The group. would be expected to keep careful records, which would be examined during the constraints analysis with a view to assessing replicability and sustainability.

ANNEX 8

FARM INCOME ANALYSIS

Table 1: MODEL OF A SMALLHOLDER GOAT ENTERPRISE

(One (1) Doe/Nanny Unit)

1/ Farmer provides basic materials and construction labour for housing the animals.